Laws+Oscar

=Acquisition of citizenship=

Italian citizenship can be automatically acquired


 * By foliation (birth to an Italian parent)--this is consistent with the principle of jus sanguinis.
 * By birth on Italian territory to stateless parents or to unknown parents or to parents who cannot transmit their nationality--this is partially consistent with the principle of jus soli.
 * By paternal/maternal acknowledgment or legitimating.

Through special application:


 * For those of Italian origin up to the second degree, the applicant must have served in the Italian armed forces or the civil service or have resided for two years in Italy before age of majority.
 * If Italian-born, the applicant must have resided in Italy continuously from birth to adulthood.

Through marriage:


 * After six months of legal residence in Italy, the spouse of an Italian citizen can acquire Italian citizenship through naturalization or after three years of marriage (if overseas) provided lack of criminal record and lack of national security concern.

Through naturalization:


 * After 10 years of legal residence, absence of criminal record, and sufficient financial resources, a foreigner may naturalize (three years for former Italian citizens up to the second degree and for aliens born on Italian territory, four years for nationals of EU member states, five years for refugees or stateless and seven years for those "affiliated with an Italian citizen."

=International Humanitarian Law=


 * Persons who are not, or are no longer, taking part in hostilities shall be respected, protected and treated humanely. They shall be given appropriate care, without any discrimination.
 * Captured combatants and other persons whose freedom has been restricted shall be treated humanely. They shall be protected against all acts of violence, in particular against torture. If put on trial they shall enjoy the fundamental guarantees of a regular judicial procedure.
 * The right of parties to an armed conflict to choose methods or means of warfare is not unlimited. No superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering shall be inflicted.
 * In order to spare the civilian population, armed forces shall at all times distinguish between the civilian population and civilian objects on the one hand, and military objectives on the other. Neither the civilian population as such nor individual civilians or civilian objects shall be the target of military attacks. A professor at Golden Gate University thinks humanitarian laws are not the laws of armed conflicts, he excludes the basic